Influence of Subgrade Soil Conditions on Pavement Distress: A Case Study of Satellite Town Roads in Abuja

Abubakar Danmallam; Dr. Anthony Muoka; Dr. Akeem Gbenga Amuda; Stephen Okojo Otronyi

doi:10.5455/NJEAS.287746

2025, Vol: 3, Issue: 1

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NJEAS. 2025; 3(1): 304-316

doi: 10.5455/NJEAS.287746

Influence of Subgrade Soil Conditions on Pavement Distress: A Case Study of Satellite Town Roads in Abuja

Abubakar Danmallam, Dr. Anthony Muoka, Dr. Akeem Gbenga Amuda, Stephen Okojo Otronyi.

Abstract
Pavement distress remains a major issue on Nigerian roads, especially in rapidly urbanizing satellite towns. This study examines the impact of subgrade soil conditions on pavement failures along Arab Road in Kubwa and Idu Railway Road in Abuja. Field assessments identified rutting and potholes as predominant failures. Soil samples from depths of 0.5–1.5 m were tested for moisture content, particle size distribution, Atterberg limits, compaction, and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) according to ASTM and AASHTO standards. Arab Road soils, classified as A-6, showed moderate moisture sensitivity, an MDD of 2.03 Mg/m³, OMC of 9.6%, and a CBR of 17.35%, indicating limited support for heavy traffic. Idu Railway Road soils, classified as A-7-6, had higher moisture content, plasticity, and fines, with a CBR of 37.12%. Despite good laboratory strength, high moisture sensitivity and inadequate drainage threaten long-term stability. Overall, moisture-prone subgrades, heavy axle loads, and poor drainage are the main causes of premature pavement failures in Abuja’s satellite areas. Improved drainage and detailed geotechnical investigations are essential for durable pavement design and sustainable road performance in similar environments.

Key words: Pavement distress; Subgrade soils; Satellite town road; Geotechnical investigation; Abuja roads; Moisture sensitivity.

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How to Cite this Article

Pubmed Style

Danmallam A, Muoka DA, Amuda DAG, Otronyi SO. Influence of Subgrade Soil Conditions on Pavement Distress: A Case Study of Satellite Town Roads in Abuja. NJEAS. 2025; 3(1): 304-316. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.287746

Web Style

Danmallam A, Muoka DA, Amuda DAG, Otronyi SO. Influence of Subgrade Soil Conditions on Pavement Distress: A Case Study of Satellite Town Roads in Abuja. https://www.nilejeas.com/?mno=287746 [Access: June 23, 2026]. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.287746

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Danmallam A, Muoka DA, Amuda DAG, Otronyi SO. Influence of Subgrade Soil Conditions on Pavement Distress: A Case Study of Satellite Town Roads in Abuja. NJEAS. 2025; 3(1): 304-316. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.287746

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Danmallam A, Muoka DA, Amuda DAG, Otronyi SO. Influence of Subgrade Soil Conditions on Pavement Distress: A Case Study of Satellite Town Roads in Abuja. NJEAS. (2025), [cited June 23, 2026]; 3(1): 304-316. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.287746

Harvard Style

Danmallam, A., Muoka, . D. A., Amuda, . D. A. G. & Otronyi, . S. O. (2025) Influence of Subgrade Soil Conditions on Pavement Distress: A Case Study of Satellite Town Roads in Abuja. NJEAS, 3 (1), 304-316. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.287746

Turabian Style

Danmallam, Abubakar, Dr. Anthony Muoka, Dr. Akeem Gbenga Amuda, and Stephen Okojo Otronyi. 2025. Influence of Subgrade Soil Conditions on Pavement Distress: A Case Study of Satellite Town Roads in Abuja. Nile Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 3 (1), 304-316. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.287746

Chicago Style

Danmallam, Abubakar, Dr. Anthony Muoka, Dr. Akeem Gbenga Amuda, and Stephen Okojo Otronyi. "Influence of Subgrade Soil Conditions on Pavement Distress: A Case Study of Satellite Town Roads in Abuja." Nile Journal of Engineering and Applied Science 3 (2025), 304-316. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.287746

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About Nile Journal of Engineering and Applied Science The Nile Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences publishes original peer-reviewed articles on fundamental and applied research and reviews ... Read more. For best results, please use Internet Explorer or Google Chrome.	Contact Information 1. Prof. Abdulhameed Danjuma Mambo Editor-in-Chief abdulhameed.mambo@nileuniversity.edu.ng 2. Dr. Adekunle Adeleke Associate Editor-in-Chief adekunle.adeleke@nileuniversity.edu.ng 3. Dr. Ifeyinwa Obianyo Managing Editor ifeyinwa.obianyo@nileuniversity.edu.ng