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2025, Vol: 3, Issue: 1
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Original Research 


MICROSTRUCTURE OF BCS STABILIZED WITH AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE

Oluwaseyi Kolawole, Akeem Gbenga Amuda, Abubakar Dayyabu, Abdulhameed Danjuma Mambo.


Abstract
Black cotton soil (BCS) is known to be expansive and very challenging when encountered during the construction of roads. Conventional stabilizing materials such as cement and lime are expensive. On the other hand, industrial and agricultural waste with pozzolanic properties is littered in factories and difficult to discard. This paper examined the microstructure of BCS soil stabilized with marble dust, MD, and Rice husk ash, RHA. About seven different mix ratios for MD and RHA are considered for 10% replacement in BCS. Pure BCS was also analyzed as a control. Atterberg limits were investigated for all the mix to understand the change in index properties. The SEM micrographs for the control samples show a loose pack of natural BCS with a sponge-like and hollow look. Generally, the SEM results for all the other samples show that the hollow perforated structure of the black cotton soil was reduced. The EDX shows the element present in each mix ratio with a mix ratio of 90:10 and 100:0 for MD: RHA as the appropriate mix.

Key words: Black Cotton Soil, Marble Dust, Micro-structure, Rice Husk Ash


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Kolawole O, Amuda AG, Dayyabu A, Mambo AD. MICROSTRUCTURE OF BCS STABILIZED WITH AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE. NJEAS. 2024; 2(1): 453-460. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.196640

Web Style

Kolawole O, Amuda AG, Dayyabu A, Mambo AD. MICROSTRUCTURE OF BCS STABILIZED WITH AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE. https://www.nilejeas.com/?mno=196640 [Access: June 27, 2026]. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.196640

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Kolawole O, Amuda AG, Dayyabu A, Mambo AD. MICROSTRUCTURE OF BCS STABILIZED WITH AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE. NJEAS. 2024; 2(1): 453-460. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.196640


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Kolawole O, Amuda AG, Dayyabu A, Mambo AD. MICROSTRUCTURE OF BCS STABILIZED WITH AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE. NJEAS. (2024), [cited June 27, 2026]; 2(1): 453-460. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.196640


Harvard Style

Kolawole, O., Amuda, . A. G., Dayyabu, . A. & Mambo, . A. D. (2024) MICROSTRUCTURE OF BCS STABILIZED WITH AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE. NJEAS, 2 (1), 453-460. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.196640


Turabian Style

Kolawole, Oluwaseyi, Akeem Gbenga Amuda, Abubakar Dayyabu, and Abdulhameed Danjuma Mambo. 2024. MICROSTRUCTURE OF BCS STABILIZED WITH AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE. Nile Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 2 (1), 453-460. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.196640


Chicago Style

Kolawole, Oluwaseyi, Akeem Gbenga Amuda, Abubakar Dayyabu, and Abdulhameed Danjuma Mambo. "MICROSTRUCTURE OF BCS STABILIZED WITH AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE." Nile Journal of Engineering and Applied Science 2 (2024), 453-460. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.196640


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Kolawole, Oluwaseyi, Akeem Gbenga Amuda, Abubakar Dayyabu, and Abdulhameed Danjuma Mambo. "MICROSTRUCTURE OF BCS STABILIZED WITH AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE." Nile Journal of Engineering and Applied Science 2.1 (2024), 453-460. Print. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.196640


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Kolawole, O., Amuda, . A. G., Dayyabu, . A. & Mambo, . A. D. (2024) MICROSTRUCTURE OF BCS STABILIZED WITH AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE. Nile Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 2 (1), 453-460. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.196640


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Contact Information


1. Prof. Abdulhameed Danjuma Mambo
   Editor-in-Chief
abdulhameed.mambo@nileuniversity.edu.ng
2. Dr. Adekunle Adeleke
    Associate Editor-in-Chief
    adekunle.adeleke@nileuniversity.edu.ng
3. Dr. Ifeyinwa Obianyo
Managing Editor
ifeyinwa.obianyo@nileuniversity.edu.ng