E-ISSN 3026-930X
 
2025, Vol: 3, Issue: 1
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Original Research 


Development of Hydraulic Model for Optimal Expansion and Upgrading of Hayin Banki Water Distribution Network.

Haruna Garba, Abiola Abiodun.


Abstract
The water distribution system (WDN) in Hayin Banki, Kaduna State, Nigeria, faces challenges from rapid population growth, aging infrastructure, and inefficiencies, resulting in negative pressures, high pipe velocities (>2.5 m/s), and 20% non-revenue water losses. This study develops a hydraulic model using EPANET, integrated with QGIS for geospatial analysis, to assess and optimize the WDN for a 2025 population of 47,475 and a projected 63,802 by 2035, with a peak demand of 20,700 m³/day. Using field data (GPS elevations, pressure checks) and secondary sources (Kaduna State GIS shape files, USGS SRTM DEM), the model identifies deficiencies and proposes upgrades: upsizing the distribution main to 550 mm, secondary pipes to 200–300 mm at 46 locations, and adding a 125 m³ storage tank (total 625 m³). A 0.63 km² expansion for 16,327 residents was designed with a looped configuration (50 junctions, 47 pipes), achieving pressures of 17–40 m and velocities of 0.6–0.91 m/s,. The study provides a scalable framework for sustainable water management in semi-urban areas, aligning with sustainable development goal (SDG 6).

Key words: Garba H.1, * and Abiola. A.2


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Garba H, Abiodun A. Development of Hydraulic Model for Optimal Expansion and Upgrading of Hayin Banki Water Distribution Network.. NJEAS. 2025; 3(1): 717-728. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.272667

Web Style

Garba H, Abiodun A. Development of Hydraulic Model for Optimal Expansion and Upgrading of Hayin Banki Water Distribution Network.. https://www.nilejeas.com/?mno=272667 [Access: June 23, 2026]. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.272667

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Garba H, Abiodun A. Development of Hydraulic Model for Optimal Expansion and Upgrading of Hayin Banki Water Distribution Network.. NJEAS. 2025; 3(1): 717-728. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.272667


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Garba H, Abiodun A. Development of Hydraulic Model for Optimal Expansion and Upgrading of Hayin Banki Water Distribution Network.. NJEAS. (2025), [cited June 23, 2026]; 3(1): 717-728. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.272667


Harvard Style

Garba, H. & Abiodun, . A. (2025) Development of Hydraulic Model for Optimal Expansion and Upgrading of Hayin Banki Water Distribution Network.. NJEAS, 3 (1), 717-728. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.272667


Turabian Style

Garba, Haruna, and Abiola Abiodun. 2025. Development of Hydraulic Model for Optimal Expansion and Upgrading of Hayin Banki Water Distribution Network.. Nile Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 3 (1), 717-728. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.272667


Chicago Style

Garba, Haruna, and Abiola Abiodun. "Development of Hydraulic Model for Optimal Expansion and Upgrading of Hayin Banki Water Distribution Network.." Nile Journal of Engineering and Applied Science 3 (2025), 717-728. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.272667


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Garba, Haruna, and Abiola Abiodun. "Development of Hydraulic Model for Optimal Expansion and Upgrading of Hayin Banki Water Distribution Network.." Nile Journal of Engineering and Applied Science 3.1 (2025), 717-728. Print. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.272667


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Garba, H. & Abiodun, . A. (2025) Development of Hydraulic Model for Optimal Expansion and Upgrading of Hayin Banki Water Distribution Network.. Nile Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 3 (1), 717-728. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.272667


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Contact Information


1. Prof. Abdulhameed Danjuma Mambo
   Editor-in-Chief
abdulhameed.mambo@nileuniversity.edu.ng
2. Dr. Adekunle Adeleke
    Associate Editor-in-Chief
    adekunle.adeleke@nileuniversity.edu.ng
3. Dr. Ifeyinwa Obianyo
Managing Editor
ifeyinwa.obianyo@nileuniversity.edu.ng