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2025, Vol: 3, Issue: 1
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Review Article 


Review of Decentralized Identity Management for IoT using Blockchain Technology: Architecture, Applications, and Challenges

Chidera Onah, Oche Ike, Emmanuel Aiyedun, Peter Anierobi, Sadiq Thomas.


Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized industries such as healthcare, transportation, agriculture, and industrial automation by enabling real-time data exchange, monitoring, and automation. However, the widespread adoption of resource-constrained and heterogeneous IoT devices introduces significant security and privacy challenges, particularly in identity and access management (IAM). Centralized IAM systems are prone to single points of failure, increasing risks of spoofing, unauthorized access, and large-scale breaches. This study proposes a blockchain-based decentralized IAM framework to address these vulnerabilities, focusing on four key components: decentralized identity management, immutable identity records, smart contracts, and public key cryptography. Through a comprehensive literature review and a proposed methodology, this study demonstrates how blockchain’s tamper-proof, transparent, and distributed ledger enhances device authentication, prevents spoofing, and ensures accountability. Decentralized identity management enables self-sovereign identities, immutable records provide auditable logs, smart contracts automate access control, and public key cryptography secures communications. Challenges such as scalability, interoperability, privacy, and computational constraints are analyzed, with proposed solutions including lightweight cryptography and off-chain storage. The study introduces a formal framework with performance metrics from a proof-of-concept (PoC), addressing gaps in empirical validation. This work contributes a practical, scalable, and secure IAM model for IoT, laying the groundwork for real-world deployment and future research.

Key words: Internet of Things (IoT), Blockchain, Identity and Access Management (IAM), Decentralized Identity, Smart Contracts, Public Key Cryptography


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Onah C, Ike O, Aiyedun E, Anierobi P, Thomas S. Review of Decentralized Identity Management for IoT using Blockchain Technology: Architecture, Applications, and Challenges. NJEAS. 2025; 3(1): 454-471. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.289896

Web Style

Onah C, Ike O, Aiyedun E, Anierobi P, Thomas S. Review of Decentralized Identity Management for IoT using Blockchain Technology: Architecture, Applications, and Challenges. https://www.nilejeas.com/?mno=289896 [Access: June 25, 2026]. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.289896

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Onah C, Ike O, Aiyedun E, Anierobi P, Thomas S. Review of Decentralized Identity Management for IoT using Blockchain Technology: Architecture, Applications, and Challenges. NJEAS. 2025; 3(1): 454-471. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.289896


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Onah C, Ike O, Aiyedun E, Anierobi P, Thomas S. Review of Decentralized Identity Management for IoT using Blockchain Technology: Architecture, Applications, and Challenges. NJEAS. (2025), [cited June 25, 2026]; 3(1): 454-471. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.289896


Harvard Style

Onah, C., Ike, . O., Aiyedun, . E., Anierobi, . P. & Thomas, . S. (2025) Review of Decentralized Identity Management for IoT using Blockchain Technology: Architecture, Applications, and Challenges. NJEAS, 3 (1), 454-471. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.289896


Turabian Style

Onah, Chidera, Oche Ike, Emmanuel Aiyedun, Peter Anierobi, and Sadiq Thomas. 2025. Review of Decentralized Identity Management for IoT using Blockchain Technology: Architecture, Applications, and Challenges. Nile Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 3 (1), 454-471. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.289896


Chicago Style

Onah, Chidera, Oche Ike, Emmanuel Aiyedun, Peter Anierobi, and Sadiq Thomas. "Review of Decentralized Identity Management for IoT using Blockchain Technology: Architecture, Applications, and Challenges." Nile Journal of Engineering and Applied Science 3 (2025), 454-471. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.289896


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Onah, Chidera, Oche Ike, Emmanuel Aiyedun, Peter Anierobi, and Sadiq Thomas. "Review of Decentralized Identity Management for IoT using Blockchain Technology: Architecture, Applications, and Challenges." Nile Journal of Engineering and Applied Science 3.1 (2025), 454-471. Print. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.289896


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Onah, C., Ike, . O., Aiyedun, . E., Anierobi, . P. & Thomas, . S. (2025) Review of Decentralized Identity Management for IoT using Blockchain Technology: Architecture, Applications, and Challenges. Nile Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 3 (1), 454-471. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.289896


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1. Prof. Abdulhameed Danjuma Mambo
   Editor-in-Chief
abdulhameed.mambo@nileuniversity.edu.ng
2. Dr. Adekunle Adeleke
    Associate Editor-in-Chief
    adekunle.adeleke@nileuniversity.edu.ng
3. Dr. Ifeyinwa Obianyo
Managing Editor
ifeyinwa.obianyo@nileuniversity.edu.ng